Cortical response states for enhanced sensory discrimination

Brain activity during wakefulness is characterized by rapid fluctuations in neuronal responses. Whether these fluctuations play any role in modulating the accuracy of behavioral responses is poorly understood. Here, we investigated whether and how trial changes in the population response impact sensory coding in monkey V1 and perceptual performance. Although the responses of individual neurons varied widely across trials, many cells tended to covary with the local population. When population activity was in a 'low' state, neurons had lower evoked responses and correlated variability, yet higher probability to predict perceptual accuracy. The impact of firing rate fluctuations on network and perceptual accuracy was strongest 200 ms before stimulus presentation, and it greatly diminished when the number of cells used to measure the state of the population was decreased. These findings indicate that enhanced perceptual discrimination occurs when population activity is in a 'silent' response mode in which neurons increase information extraction.